【英文标准名称】:Microbiology;generalguidancefortheenumerationofBacilluscereus;colony-counttechniqueat30°C
【原文标准名称】:微生物学蜡状芽孢杆菌计数通用指南30℃时菌落计数技术
【标准号】:ISO7932-1993
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:1993-10
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC34
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:芽胞杆菌;试验;菌落计数技术;食品;微生物学;细菌纲;定义;细菌计数方法;微生物分析
【英文主题词】:bacilli;microbiologicalanalysis;foodproducts;microbiology;bacteriacountmethods;bacteria;testing;definitions;colonycounttechniques
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C51
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_30
【页数】:15P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodtoDetermineMeltingTemperatureofSyntheticFibers
【原文标准名称】:确定合成纤维熔融温度标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD7138-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D13.51
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:differentialscanningcalorimetry;melting;syntheticfibers;Differentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC);Melting;Syntheticfabrics;Textilefibers
【摘要】:Eitherofthesetwotestmethodsisusedtodeterminethetemperatureatwhichasyntheticfiberspecimenchangesfromasolidtoaliquid-likestate.Syntheticfibersmaybeeitheramorphousorsemi-crystallinethermoplasticsorthermosets.Syntheticfibersmaychangefromthesolidtoaliquid-likestateonheatingbecauseoftheglasstransitionofamorphouspolymers,themeltingofcrystallineregionsofsemi-crystallinepolymers,orattheonsetofdegradation.Thermoplasticfibersconsistofcrystallineandamorphousregionsandmaybemanufacturedwitharangeofmolecularweights.Theamorphousandcrystallinefiberstructureandvariablemolecularweightcanleadtoameltingtemperaturerangeinsteadofadiscreetmeltingpoint(seeTableX1.1).Thistestmethodisconsideredsatisfactoryforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments.Iftherearedifferencesofpracticalsignificancebetweenreportedtestresultsfortwoormorelaboratories,performcomparativetestingtodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatisticalassistance.Asaminimum,usethesamplesforsuchacomparativetestthatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparateresultsduringinitialtestingandrandomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratory.Comparethetestresultsfromthelaboratoriesinvolvedusingastatisticaltestforunpaireddata,ataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifbiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterialmustbeadjustedinconsiderationoftheknownbias.Thistestmethodissuitableforqualitycontroltestingofsyntheticfibersandproductcomparisonsofdifferentfibersbymanufacturers,retailers,andusers.Ifthetestmethodisusedtoidentifyfibermaterialtype,itisimportanttotestaknownreferencematerialatthesamelaboratorywiththesametestmethodtoconfirmthefiberidentification.Inaddition,sincesomefibertypeshavesimilarmeltingtemperaturesoroverlappingmeltingtemperaturerangesasshowinTableX1.1,secondarymethodsforfiberidentificationasdescribedinTestMethodsD276willberequiredtomakefiberidentifications.1.1Eitheroftwotestmethodsareusedtodeterminethemeltingtemperatureofthermoplasticfibers,yarns,orthreads.1.2Method1canbeusedtodeterminemeltingtemperaturesforblendsofmultiplefibermaterialtypes.Method2canonlybeusedtodeterminethemeltingtemperatureofasinglefibermaterialtype.1.2.1Method1,DifferentialScanningCalorimetry(DSC),measureschangesinheatcapacityandwilldetecttheglasstransition,thecrystallinemeltingandendothermicthermaldegradation.1.2.2Method2,avisualdeterminationofmelting,determinesanychangethatvisuallyappearsasatransitionfromasolidtoaliquidstate.1.2.3Duetothedifferencesinwhateachtestmethodmeasures,theresultsfromMethod1andMethod2cannotbecompared.1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorotherunitsaretoberegardedseparately.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenotexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlywithoutcombiningvalues.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:W50
【国际标准分类号】:59_060_20
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语